RFC 1349 redefined bits 3 and 6 (expanding for ToS bits) to reflect a desired type of service optimization. Table 1-5 shows the ToS field …
IPv4 Header 3 – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
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IPv4 Header 2 – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Table 1-3 summarizes the fields of the IP header. Table 1-3 IPv4 Header Fields ToS The Type of Service (ToS) field of the IP header …
IPv4 Header – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
The best way to understand Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is to know the IPv4 header and all its fields. Segments from Transmission Control Protocol …
IPv4 Fragmentation – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
One key characteristic of IPv4 is fragmentation and reassembly. Although the maximum length of an IP packet is 65,535 bytes, most of the common lower-layer …
IPv4 Address Classes – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
IPv4 addresses have five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. In classful addressing, the most significant bits of the first byte determine the address …
IPv4 Address Types – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
IPv4 addresses can be classified as one of three types: A unicast address represents a single interface of a host (PC, router, or server). It …
NAT – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Network Address Translation (NAT) devices convert IP address space into globally unique IP addresses. NAT was originally specified by RFC 1631; the current specification is …
IPv4 Address Subnets – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Subnetting plays an important part in IPv4 addressing. The subnet mask helps determine the network, subnetwork, and host part of an IP address. A network …
IP Address Subnet Design Example – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
The development of an IP address plan or IP address subnet design is an important concept for a network designer. You should be capable of …
Determining the Network Portion of an IP Address – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Given an address and a mask, you can determine the classful network, the subnetwork, and the subnetwork’s broadcast number. You do so with a logical …