One key characteristic of IPv4 is fragmentation and reassembly. Although the maximum length of an IP packet is 65,535 bytes, most of the common lower-layer …
IPv4 Fragmentation – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
IPv4 Address Classes – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
IPv4 addresses have five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. In classful addressing, the most significant bits of the first byte determine the address …
IPv4 Address Types – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
IPv4 addresses can be classified as one of three types: A unicast address represents a single interface of a host (PC, router, or server). It …
NAT – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Network Address Translation (NAT) devices convert IP address space into globally unique IP addresses. NAT was originally specified by RFC 1631; the current specification is …
IPv4 Address Subnets – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Subnetting plays an important part in IPv4 addressing. The subnet mask helps determine the network, subnetwork, and host part of an IP address. A network …
IP Address Subnet Design Example – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
The development of an IP address plan or IP address subnet design is an important concept for a network designer. You should be capable of …
Determining the Network Portion of an IP Address – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Given an address and a mask, you can determine the classful network, the subnetwork, and the subnetwork’s broadcast number. You do so with a logical …
VLSM Address Assignment: Example 1 – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
Let’s look at a VLSM IP address assignment example involving the Class B network 130.20.0.0/16. Using a /20 mask produces 16 subnetworks, as shown in …
IPv4 Addressing Design – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
This section covers IPv4 design topics that a CCNP candidate should be aware of. There is no perfect way to address a network, and each …
IP Telephony Networks – Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Design
You should reserve separate subnets for LANs using IP phones. IP phones are normally placed in a VLAN that is in a logical segment separate …